Iranian-Islamic Architecture from Past to Present

Iranian-Islamic architecture is a blend of art, culture, and religion that has evolved over centuries. This architectural style, with its unique characteristics, has profoundly influenced the architecture of the Islamic world.

1. Pre-Islamic Era:

• Achaemenid Architecture: Known for monumental structures like Persepolis. Characterized by tall columns, vast porticos, and intricate relief carvings.

• Sassanid Architecture: Distinguished by large arches and massive domes. The Palace of Ctesiphon is a prominent example from this period.

1. Early Islamic Period (7th to 11th century AD):

• Integration of Iranian architectural elements with Islamic principles

• Emergence of mosques with central courtyards and columned prayer halls

• Use of Kufic script in decorations

1. Seljuk Period (11th to 13th century AD):

• Development of four-iwan mosques

• Extensive use of decorative brickwork

• Emergence of twin minarets

1. Ilkhanid and Timurid Period (13th to 15th century AD):

• Construction of double-shell domes

• Use of mosaic tile work

• Development of mausoleum architecture

1. Safavid Period (16th to 18th century AD):

• Peak of Iranian-Islamic architectural flourishing

• Construction of large urban squares like Isfahan's Naqsh-e Jahan

• Extensive use of seven-color tile work

1. Qajar Period (18th to 20th century AD):

• Fusion of Western architectural elements with Iranian traditions

• Construction of numerous palaces with lavish decorations

1. Pahlavi and Contemporary Era:

• Inclination towards Western modern architecture

• Efforts to preserve Iranian architectural identity in new designs

Masterpieces of Iranian Architecture in the Last 100-150 Years:

1. Azadi Tower (1970):

• Architect: Hossein Amanat

• Contractor: Mohammad Taghi Masoudioh Construction Company

• A combination of Achaemenid, Sassanid, and Islamic architecture

1. Milad Tower (2006):

• Designer: Mohammad Reza Hafezi

• Contractor: Boeing Company

• At 435 meters, the tallest tower in Iran

1. Tabiat Bridge (2014):

• Architect: Leila Araghian

• Contractor: Tehran Engineering and Civil Organization

• Multi-level pedestrian bridge with modern design

1. Expansion of Imam Reza Shrine (Ongoing):

• Multiple architects throughout history

• A combination of various Islamic architectural styles

1. Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art (1977):

• Architect: Kamran Diba

• A blend of modern architecture and traditional Iranian elements

1. City Theater of Tehran (1972):

• Architect: Ali Sardar Afkhami

• Inspired by Sassanid architecture

1. Islamic Consultative Assembly Building (1955):

• Architect: Mohsen Foroughi

• A fusion of neoclassical architecture and Iranian elements

1. Niavaran Palace (1967):

• Architect: Mohsen Foroughi

• A combination of modern and traditional Iranian architecture

These structures demonstrate Iranian architects' efforts to preserve Iranian architectural identity while embracing modern architectural innovations.